Electrical conductivity measures the ion concentration in aqueous solutions — important in water treatment, pharmaceutical production and food industry.
Sensor directly in the process stream — no sampling, continuous real-time measurement.
Automatic sampling via bypass loop — short analysis times, close to the process.
Pharma & Bioprocess
Inline control of API synthesis using NIR spectroscopy
Environmental Monitoring
Continuous water body monitoring per EU Water Framework Directive
Energy & Water Supply
Steam/water circuit monitoring in power plants (pH, conductivity)
Semiconductor & Microelectronics
Ultrapure Water (UPW): conductivity and TOC monitoring per SEMI F20
Food & Agriculture
NIR moisture, protein and fat determination on conveyor belts
Dusko Kadijevic | Publisher Analytic Journal | analyticjournal.com
Written October 2026. All content formulated in our own words, created with AI assistance.